Children with autism often have unique sensory processing needs, which can manifest in different ways, including oral fixations. Oral fixations, such as chewing on objects, sucking on fingers, or constant mouth activity, are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These behaviors can be challenging for parents and caregivers, especially when they interfere with daily life or oral health. At McLevin Dental Clinic, we understand the importance of addressing these behaviors in a supportive and understanding manner. This blog will explore strategies for addressing oral fixations in children with autism and how dental care professionals can work with families to ensure optimal oral health.
Understanding Oral Fixations in Children with Autism
Oral fixations are a behavioral pattern where children engage in repetitive actions involving their mouth, such as sucking, chewing, or biting. In children with autism, these behaviors may serve various purposes, such as providing sensory input, self-soothing, or managing anxiety. Oral fixations are often a way for children to regulate their emotions or fulfill sensory needs, especially when they are feeling stressed or overwhelmed.
While oral fixations are not inherently harmful, they can lead to oral health issues, such as:
Tooth damage: Constant chewing on hard objects can wear down tooth enamel or cause chips and fractures.
Gum problems: Biting on objects or fingers can cause irritation or injury to the gums.
Increased risk of infection: If a child chews on non-sanitary objects, they may introduce harmful bacteria into their mouth, leading to infections.
Therefore, its essential to address these behaviors in a way that is respectful of the childs sensory needs while also promoting good oral health.
1. Identifying the Cause of the Oral Fixation
Before addressing oral fixations, its important to understand why the behavior is occurring. In children with autism, oral fixations can serve multiple purposes, including:
Sensory Seeking: Some children with autism engage in oral behaviors to satisfy a sensory need. The pressure or sensation in the mouth may provide a calming or organizing effect on their sensory system.
Self-Regulation: Oral fixations may serve as a self-soothing mechanism for children who experience anxiety, stress, or sensory overload.
Communication: In some cases, oral fixations can be a form of communication for children who have difficulty expressing themselves verbally. It may indicate frustration, boredom, or the need for attention.
Identifying the cause of the oral fixation is the first step in developing an effective strategy to address the behavior. Understanding the function of the behavior allows for targeted interventions that meet the childs sensory needs while also promoting oral health.
2. Providing Alternative Oral Stimulation
One of the most effective ways to address oral fixations is to provide alternative ways for children to meet their sensory needs without damaging their teeth or gums. Offering safe, sensory-friendly alternatives can help redirect the behavior while providing the child with the oral stimulation they seek.
Chewable Toys or Jewelry: There are many chewable products available, such as teething toys, sensory chew necklaces, and chewing rings, that are designed to withstand constant chewing. These products can provide the child with the sensory input they crave without risking damage to their teeth.
Chewing Gum or Chewable Food: For older children, chewing sugar-free gum or specific chewy foods can provide the same sensory benefits while promoting healthy oral habits. Always ensure that the gum is sugar-free to prevent tooth decay.
Therapeutic Oral Devices: Some children benefit from using therapeutic oral devices, such as a sensory chew bracelet, that provide a safe and structured way to meet their oral sensory needs. These devices are often made from non-toxic, durable materials and can be used discreetly throughout the day.
By offering these alternatives, you can help the child satisfy their sensory needs while also preventing damage to their teeth and gums.
3. Positive Reinforcement and Behavior Modification
Behavioral strategies, such as positive reinforcement and behavior modification, can be helpful in reducing oral fixations over time. By rewarding the child for engaging in alternative behaviors or reducing oral fixation behaviors, you can help them gradually adopt healthier habits.
Reinforce Alternative Behaviors: When the child uses a chewable toy or engages in appropriate oral stimulation, provide immediate positive reinforcement. Praise the child, offer a small reward, or provide a sticker chart to track their progress. Positive reinforcement encourages the child to continue engaging in the desired behavior.
Create a Reward System: A reward system can be used to motivate the child to reduce oral fixations. For example, for every hour or day the child refrains from oral fixations, they can earn a reward such as extra playtime, a favorite treat, or a special activity.
Gradual Reduction: If the childs oral fixations are persistent, you can work on gradually reducing the frequency of the behavior. This can be done by setting small, achievable goals and gradually increasing the time between oral fixation behaviors. Consistency is key to long-term success.
By using positive reinforcement and behavior modification techniques, you can help the child develop healthier habits while still addressing their sensory needs.
4. Collaboration with the Dental Team
Working closely with your childs dental team is essential when addressing oral fixations. Pediatric dentists and hygienists who are experienced in working with children with autism can offer valuable guidance on maintaining oral health while addressing these behaviors. Regular dental check-ups are especially important for children with oral fixations, as they may be at a higher risk for dental issues such as wear on the teeth, gum damage, or cavities.
At McLevin Dental Clinic, our dental team understands the challenges children with autism face when it comes to oral health. We work with families to develop individualized strategies for promoting good dental hygiene while accommodating sensory and behavioral needs. This may include:
Routine Dental Visits: Regular visits to the dentist can help monitor the childs oral health and prevent problems before they become severe.
Gentle Examinations: Our team uses gentle techniques and provides extra time for children with autism to ensure they feel comfortable during dental exams and cleanings.
Early Intervention: If oral fixations are leading to tooth damage or other concerns, early intervention from the dental team can help prevent more serious dental issues in the future.
5. Creating a Supportive and Structured Environment
Creating a structured and supportive environment both at home and in dental settings can help children with autism feel more comfortable and in control. Establishing clear routines and expectations can reduce anxiety and make it easier for the child to engage in healthier oral behaviors.
Use Visual Supports: Visual schedules, social stories, and visual cues can help children understand when and how to engage in appropriate oral behaviors. For example, a visual chart showing when to use a chew toy or when to stop chewing can reinforce the desired behavior.
Provide Calm and Consistency: A consistent approach to addressing oral fixationsboth at home and in dental settingscan help reduce anxiety. Keeping routines predictable and offering reassurance when needed can make the process smoother for both the child and their caregivers.
Conclusion
Addressing oral fixations in children with autism requires a compassionate and individualized approach that respects the childs sensory needs while promoting good oral health. By offering alternative oral stimulation, using positive reinforcement, collaborating with the dental team, and creating a structured environment, parents and caregivers can help children with autism develop healthier oral habits. At McLevin Dental Clinic, we are committed to supporting children with autism and their families by providing specialized care that meets their unique needs. If youre concerned about your childs oral fixations or need guidance on managing them, contact us today to schedule a consultation.