Jaw injuries can be painful, frightening, and often require immediate attentionespecially if they involve jaw dislocation or lockjaw. While these conditions are different in cause and treatment, both demand prompt care to prevent long-term complications. At McLevin Dental Clinic, we help patients across Scarborough manage dental and oral emergencies, including jaw trauma, with professionalism and urgency.
In this blog, well explain the signs, causes, and first aid steps for jaw dislocation and lockjaw, and guide you on when to seek emergency dental or medical care.
Understanding Jaw Dislocation and Lockjaw
Jaw Dislocation
Jaw dislocation occurs when the lower jawbone (mandible) moves out of its normal position at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This may happen due to trauma, overstretching the jaw (e.g., yawning too wide), or weakness in the joint.
Lockjaw (Trismus)
Lockjaw, medically known as trismus, is the inability to fully open the mouth due to muscle stiffness or spasm. It can result from infection, dental procedures, TMJ disorders, or neurological conditions.
While the two conditions are different, they can feel similar in the moment and both can restrict mouth movement and cause pain.
Signs of Jaw Dislocation
If you or someone around you has a dislocated jaw, these are the most common signs:
Inability to close the mouth or bite down properly
Pain in the TMJ or around the ears
Jaw appears visibly shifted or misaligned
Drooling due to inability to close the mouth
Difficulty speaking clearly
Clicking or popping sensation when trying to move the jaw
Symptoms of Lockjaw (Trismus)
Trismus symptoms often include:
Difficulty or inability to open the mouth fully
Jaw stiffness or tightness
Pain in the jaw, face, or neck
Headaches or earaches
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Lockjaw is often gradual and can follow dental infections, oral surgeries, or infections like tetanus. In more serious cases, it can severely affect eating and breathing.
First Aid for a Dislocated Jaw
If someone dislocates their jaw, do not try to force it back into place yourself. Doing so can cause further injury. Heres what you should do instead:
1. Immobilize the Jaw
Encourage the person to keep their mouth as still as possible. Support the jaw with a soft wrap, scarf, or hand to minimize movement.
2. Apply a Cold Compress
Use ice packs on the sides of the face to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
3. Keep the Person Calm and Upright
Have the person sit upright and avoid lying down, as this can worsen discomfort and cause airway issues if swelling increases.
4. Avoid Food or Drink
Until the jaw is assessed by a medical or dental professional, avoid giving food or beverages to prevent choking.
5. Seek Immediate Medical or Dental Attention
A dislocated jaw needs to be evaluated and repositioned by a trained professional. This may involve muscle relaxants, sedation, or manual manipulation.
First Aid for Lockjaw (Trismus)
If you suspect lockjaw and its not related to trauma, follow these steps:
1. Apply Warm Compresses
Use moist heat on the jaw for 15-20 minutes several times a day to relieve muscle tightness.
2. Gentle Jaw Exercises (If Possible)
If recommended by a dentist or doctor, use gradual, guided stretching exercises to improve mobility. Never force the mouth open.
3. Take Anti-Inflammatory Medication
Over-the-counter NSAIDs like ibuprofen can help reduce inflammation and discomfort.
4. Stay Hydrated and Eat Soft Foods
Stick to soft, easy-to-chew foods and fluids to avoid straining the jaw muscles.
5. Contact a Dentist Promptly
If symptoms persist beyond 2448 hours, or if they worsen, consult a dentist. Infections or underlying joint issues may need targeted treatment.
When to Go to the Emergency Room
Immediate medical attention is necessary if:
The jaw appears visibly out of place or misaligned
There is severe pain, swelling, or difficulty breathing
The person cannot close their mouth
There are signs of infection (fever, swelling, pus)
Lockjaw follows a recent oral surgery, trauma, or known infection
At McLevin Dental Clinic, we can assess and manage mild to moderate TMJ injuries or refer patients for specialized hospital care if needed.
Preventing Jaw Injuries
While not all jaw problems can be avoided, you can reduce your risk with the following tips:
Avoid opening your mouth too wide when yawning or eating
Wear a mouthguard during sports or physical activity
Address TMJ pain or dysfunction early with your dentist
Maintain good oral hygiene to prevent infection
Follow post-surgical care instructions after dental procedures
Regular dental checkups can also catch early signs of TMJ disorders, misalignment, or infections that might lead to trismus or dislocation.