Healthy gums are typically pink and firm, so it can be concerning when you notice your gums turning white. White gums may appear as spots, patches, or may affect the entire gum line. While sometimes harmless, in many cases, white gums indicate underlying dental or medical issues that need prompt attention. At McLevin Dental Clinic in Scarborough, we help patients identify the causes of gum discolouration and provide the appropriate treatment to restore oral health. This blog will cover the common reasons gums turn white and what steps you should take.
Common Causes of White Gums
1. Gingivitis or Periodontitis
Inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup can sometimes lead to discolouration. In the early stages, gingivitis causes red or swollen gums, but as the disease progresses to periodontitis, dead tissue or decreased blood supply may result in white or pale areas.
2. Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia presents as thick, white patches on the gums, tongue, or inside of the cheeks. It is typically caused by chronic irritation from tobacco use, ill-fitting dentures, or rough teeth. While not usually painful, leukoplakia can sometimes be precancerous, which makes it essential to have it assessed by a dentist.
3. Canker Sores or Ulcers
Small, round white or yellow sores with a red border can appear on the gums due to stress, injury, or nutrient deficiencies. These ulcers may cause localized pain and discomfort, especially when eating or brushing.
4. Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)
Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans. It presents as creamy white patches that may wipe away, leaving red, inflamed tissue underneath. Thrush is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or those taking antibiotics or corticosteroids.
5. Anemia
Anemia, a condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells, can cause gums to appear pale or white due to reduced blood flow. If you also feel fatigued or weak, this may be a sign of an underlying systemic issue.
6. Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause lacy white patches on the gums and inner cheeks. Its often painless but can become irritated and may require long-term management.
7. Chemical or Thermal Burns
Exposure to strong mouthwashes, teeth whitening agents, or even hot foods and drinks can cause chemical or thermal burns to the gum tissue, leading to temporary whitening as the tissue recovers.
8. Healing After Dental Procedures
Gums can appear white or pale as they heal following dental surgeries or extractions. This is usually temporary and should fade as healing progresses. However, if the whiteness persists or is accompanied by pain or swelling, it could indicate an infection.
When White Gums Are a Cause for Concern
White gums accompanied by the following symptoms should be evaluated by a dental professional:
Persistent or spreading white patches
Gum pain or bleeding
Foul breath
Loose teeth
Difficulty chewing or speaking
Swelling or redness around the affected area
Ignoring white gums may allow a minor issue to develop into a serious dental or medical condition.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
At McLevin Dental Clinic, we conduct a comprehensive oral examination to identify the underlying cause of white gums. Diagnosis may involve:
A visual inspection
Oral swab or biopsy (if lesions are suspicious)
Review of medical history and medications
Blood tests (in case of suspected anemia or systemic issues)
Once the cause is identified, treatment may include:
Professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar
Antifungal medications for oral thrush
Discontinuing irritants such as tobacco or harsh mouthwashes
Nutritional support for deficiencies
Prescription rinses or ointments for inflammatory conditions
If the whitening is due to a systemic condition, we may collaborate with your family physician or specialist for a coordinated care approach.
Preventing Gum Discolouration
Maintaining healthy gums is the best way to prevent unusual discolouration. Follow these tips:
Brush gently twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush
Floss once a day to clean between the teeth and below the gumline
Use mild, alcohol-free mouthwash
Avoid tobacco products and limit alcohol intake
Stay hydrated and eat a nutrient-rich diet
Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and check-ups
At McLevin Dental Clinic in Scarborough, we emphasize prevention and early detection to avoid complications related to gum health.
Conclusion: Pay Attention to Changes in Gum Colour
White gums should not be ignored. While some causes are temporary and harmless, others may indicate infections, chronic conditions, or even early signs of cancer. The earlier the cause is identified, the more effective treatment can be.
If youve noticed white patches, spots, or general discolouration in your gums, schedule an appointment with the expert team at McLevin Dental Clinic. Well provide a thorough evaluation and recommend the best treatment plan to restore your gum health and peace of mind.
McLevin Dental Caring for Your Gums with Expertise and Compassion
Let us help you uncover the cause of your gum concerns and keep your smile healthy for life.