A toothache is never fun — but when it turns into severe, throbbing pain, it could be more than just a cavity. You may be dealing with a dental abscess, a serious infection that requires prompt treatment.
In this article, we’ll explain what a dental abscess is, what causes it, how to recognize the signs, and why it’s important to seek care right away.
What Is a Dental Abscess?
A dental abscess is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection in or around the tooth. It can form in different areas of the tooth or surrounding structures:
- Periapical abscess – at the tip of the tooth’s root (often from untreated decay or trauma)
- Periodontal abscess – in the gums or bone supporting the tooth (often related to gum disease)
- Gingival abscess – in the surface gum tissue, usually caused by food or debris trapped near the tooth
Regardless of type, a dental abscess is a sign of serious infection and should not be ignored.
What Causes a Dental Abscess?
The most common causes include:
- Untreated tooth decay that reaches the tooth’s pulp (nerve)
- Severe gum disease (periodontitis)
- Cracked or broken teeth that allow bacteria in
- Dental trauma (e.g., a hit to the tooth)
- Poor oral hygiene or build-up of plaque and tartar
- Failed or leaking dental restorations (e.g., an old filling or crown)
Once bacteria enter the inner part of the tooth or gum tissue, your body reacts by sending white blood cells to fight the infection — which leads to a buildup of pus.
Symptoms of a Dental Abscess
Common signs include:
- Severe, throbbing toothache
- Pain when biting or chewing
- Swelling in the gums, cheek, or jaw
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Fever
- Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth (from pus leakage)
- Sensitivity to hot or cold
- A visible pimple-like bump on the gums
If the abscess ruptures, you may notice sudden relief from pain — but the infection still requires treatment.
Why a Dental Abscess Is a Dental Emergency
A dental abscess won’t go away on its own. Without treatment, the infection can:
- Spread to the jaw, neck, or other areas of the body
- Lead to bone loss around the tooth
- Cause the tooth to die or fall out
- In rare cases, result in life-threatening complications
If you suspect you have an abscess, contact your dental clinic immediately. Timely care can relieve pain, control infection, and save your tooth.
How Is a Dental Abscess Treated?
Treatment depends on the severity and location of the infection. Your dentist may recommend:
- 🦷 Draining the Abscess: To remove the pus and reduce pressure, your dentist may drain the abscess through the gum or tooth.
- 🦷 Root Canal Treatment: If the infection is inside the tooth, a root canal can clean and seal the root, preserving the tooth.
- 🦷 Tooth Extraction: In severe cases where the tooth can’t be saved, it may need to be removed.
- 💊 Antibiotics: If the infection has spread or you have a fever, your dentist may prescribe oral antibiotics to help your body fight it off.
How to Prevent Dental Abscesses
- Brush and floss daily to keep plaque at bay
- Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings
- Treat cavities or gum issues early before they worsen
- Wear a mouthguard during sports to avoid dental trauma
- Don’t ignore signs like pain, swelling, or sensitivity
Final Thoughts
A dental abscess is a painful but treatable condition. The key is to act quickly — not only to relieve discomfort, but to protect your overall health.
Dealing with a toothache or swelling? Don’t wait.
Our dental team offers same-day emergency care to diagnose and treat abscesses safely and effectively. Contact us today and let us help you get out of pain and back to smiling.